Clinical Information

Pentobarbital is a short-acting barbiturate with anticonvulsant and sedative-hypnotic properties. Uses include sedation induction; relief of preoperative anxiety; control of status epilepticus or seizures resulting from meningitis, tetanus, alcohol withdrawal, poisons, chorea, or eclampsia; and induction of coma in the management of cerebral ischemia and increased intracranial pressure that may follow stroke or head trauma.(1,2)

Pentobarbital is administered orally, parenterally, and rectally. The duration of hypnotic effect is about 1 to 4 hours. The drug distributes throughout the body with about 35% to 45% of a dose bound to plasma proteins in the blood. Metabolism takes place in the liver via oxidation to the inactive metabolite, hydroxypentobarbital. Elimination is biphasic; half-life is about 4 hours in the first phase, and 35 to 50 hours in the second phase. Excretion occurs through the urine, mainly as glucuronide conjugates of metabolites, with only about 1% excreted as unchanged drug.(1,2) Tolerance to the hypnotic effects of pentobarbital occurs after about 2 weeks of continuous dosing.